THE PHENOMENON OF PANIC AND GROUP BEHAVIOR IN CRISIS SITUATIONS: A SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Abstract

Introduction. In the modern context of increasing emergencies, social upheavals and information-related threats, the phenomenon of panic has become particularly significant. Panic is understood as a complex socio-psychological process that arises under the influence of stressogenic factors and is characterized by the rapid spread of irrational emotional reactions within a group. Studying the mechanisms of panic reactions and the specific features of group behavior in crisis situations is essential for developing effective strategies to overcome collective anxiety and to establish clear communication at the level of communities and emergency response services. Analyzing the socio-psychological patterns of panic makes it possible to understand how individual experiences transform into mass behavioral models that affect social stability and safety. Purpose. The purpose is to comprehensively examine the phenomenon of panic and group behavior in crisis situations by identifying key socio-psychological factors, mechanisms of the spread of panic reactions, and features of collective interaction that determine the dynamics of group behavior under threat. Scientific novelty. The novelty of the work lies in a holistic approach to analyzing panic as an integrated phenomenon combining emotional, cognitive and behavioral components. The study clarifies the role of social communication, leadership and group norms in the formation and suppression of panic states, and emphasizes the importance of the information environment as a catalyst or stabilizer of collective reactions. It reveals the specific mechanisms of emotional contagion, group conformity and diffusion of responsibility that shape the behavior of large groups under stressful conditions. Conclusions. The socio-psychological analysis conducted demonstrates that panic results from the combined influence of emotional impulses, cognitive distortions and group dynamics, all of which intensify under conditions of uncertainty and lack of reliable information. Understanding the regularities of panic processes allows for the development of effective crisis communication models, enhancement of psychological preparedness among the population and optimization of emergency response actions. A systemic approach to studying group behavior in critical situations contributes to the formation of strategies aimed at reducing social tension, preventing destructive reactions and ensuring collective safety.