FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES IN CHILDREN: THE LOGOPEDIC ASPECT

Abstract

Introduction. The article examines the features of the formation of grammatical structures in children, taking into account the speech therapy aspect, which is a key stage of speech development. The main stages of speech ontogenesis, starting from the preparatory period to school age, as well as typical violations of the grammatical side of speech in children with speech disorders, are considered.The purpose of this study is to analyze the speech therapy features of the formation of grammatical structures in children with speech disorders, to identify characteristic difficulties and to propose effective correction strategies for the development of the grammatical system of speech. It has been determined that the assimilation of grammatical norms requires not only mechanical memorization of words and constructions, but also active social interaction and practice.The influence of the social environment, the child’s motivation and psychophysiological characteristics on the process of forming grammatical competence is analyzed. Special attention is paid to morphological and syntactic skills, in particu- lar the formation of the plural, cases, tense forms of verbs, as well as the construction of complex sentences. The article also considers typical temporal errors – agrammatisms, which accompany the process of assimilating grammatical rules and which are a natural part of language development. Separately, speech therapy correction work is highlighted, which includes the use of game techniques, differentiated exercises and multimedia technologies aimed at overcoming grammat- ical disorders and developing coherent speech.The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive approach that integrates psycholinguistic, pedagogical and speech therapy aspects of the formation of grammatical competence in children of different ages, taking into account individual characteristics. The problems of timely diagnosis and correction of speech disorders, which are important for successful social adaptation and general mental development of the child, are highlighted.Conclusions. Thus, the formation of grammatical structures in children is a complex multi-stage process that occurs in close connection with the development of cognitive, mental and speech functions. Taking into account the age- specific features of speech ontogenesis, as well as the influence of various factors, such as the social environment, the child's motivation and the state of psychophysiological mechanisms, are key to the successful formation of grammatical competence. The speech therapy approach to the correction of violations of the grammatical side of speech should take into account the individual characteristics of the child, the presence of secondary symptoms and stages of speech development. Timely diagnosis and correction of speech disorders contribute not only to the improvement of grammatical skills, but also to the general mental and social development of the child, increasing his communicative competence and successful integration into society. Thus, the study of the features of the formation of grammatical structures in children and the development of effective speech therapy methods remain relevant tasks of modern speech therapy, pedagogy, psychology, and linguistics, which are of important practical importance for the development of the speech culture of future generations.